Influencia de factores psicosociales en la enfermedad periodontal en pacientes jóvenes durante los últimos 5 años. Revisión de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26871/killkana_social.v10i1.1706Keywords:
Factores psicosociales, periodontitis, gingivitis, estrés psicológico, ansiedad, salud bucalAbstract
Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence on the influence of psychosocial factors on the development and progression of periodontal disease in young patients, through a literature review of studies published in the last five years. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted using a structured search of the PubMed, Scopus, and Taylor & Francis databases. A total of 49 original articles, reviews, and observational studies published between 2019 and 2024, in English and Spanish, were included. These studies addressed the relationship between psychosocial factors (stress, anxiety, depression, socioeconomic status, self-esteem, and lifestyle) and periodontal disease in young people. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to ensure the relevance of the selected studies. Results: The reviewed literature shows a significant association between psychosocial factors and the presence or severity of periodontal disease in young people. Chronic stress, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, unfavorable socioeconomic status, and poor oral health education are associated with an increased risk of gingivitis and periodontitis, as they influence the immune response, oral hygiene habits, and treatment adherence. Conclusions: Psychosocial factors play a crucial role in the onset and progression of periodontal disease in young individuals. These findings highlight the need for an interdisciplinary approach that encompasses not only clinical treatment but also attention to the patient's emotional and social context, thereby promoting more comprehensive preventive strategies.
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