Evaluación de factores de riesgo asociados a la seguridad alimentaria en embarazadas: revisión sistemática

Cristobal Espinoza; Karla Domenica  Morales Saquicela; Ainhoa Alejandra  Guaraca Ortega; Camila Valentina  Cuesta Buestan

doi:10.26871/killcanasalud.v9i2.1638

Authors

Cristobal Espinoza Universidad Católioca de Cuenca, Sede Azogues https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8608-8338
Karla Domenica Morales Saquicela Universidad Católica de Cuenca https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1997-4887
Ainhoa Alejandra Guaraca Ortega Universidad Católica de Cuenca https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9289-9185
Camila Valentina Cuesta Buestan Universidad Católica de Cuenca https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5923-8350

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26871/killcanasalud.v9i2.1638

Keywords:

Food security, Nutritional status, Pregnant women, Food insecurity, Socioeconomic determinants

Abstract

Introduction: Food security is essential for nutritional health, especially in pregnant women, as it affects both the mother and the development of the fetus. Adequate nutritional status during pregnancy prevents the development of complications such as anemia, preeclampsia, and low birth weight. Methodology: A systematic review of 28 studies published between 2019 and 2024 in English, Spanish, and Portuguese was conducted. Cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies were included. The search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Scielo databases. Results: It was found that food insecurity during pregnancy is associated with maternal-fetal health problems, including premature births and low birth weight. In addition, factors such as educational level, income, and ethnicity were associated with the level of food security of pregnant women. These determinants directly influence access to nutritious foods and reflect the need for public policies and support programs to improve food security in this vulnerable group. Conclusions: Adequate food security in pregnant women ensures healthy fetal development and prevents complications during pregnancy. Indeed, socioeconomic and educational determinants contribute to food insecurity.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

OPS/OMS. Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional. 2010. Available from: https://www.paho.org/es/noticias/3-10-2010-seguridad-alimentaria-nutricional

Carrillo‑Mora P, García‑Franco A, Soto‑Lara M, Rodríguez‑Vásquez G, Pérez‑Villalobos J, Martínez‑Torres D. Cambios fisiológicos durante el embarazo normal. Rev Fac Med Univ Nac Auton Mex. 2021;64(1):39–48. Available in: https://doi.org/10.22201/fm.24484865e.2021.64.1.07

Frongillo EA, Nguyen PH, Sanghvi T, Mahmud Z, Aktar B, Alayon S, Menon P. Nutrition Interventions Integrated into an Existing Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Health Program Reduce Food Insecurity Among Recently Delivered and Pregnant Women in Bangladesh. J Nutr. 2019 Jan 1;149(1):159–166. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy249

Biratu A, Alem A, Medhin G, Gebreyesus SH. Food insecurity and perinatal depression among pregnant women in BUNMAP cohort in Ethiopia: a structural equation modelling. Public Health Nutr. 2024 Apr 12;27(1):e120. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980024000855

Harmel B, Höfelmann DA. Mental distress and food insecurity in pregnancy. Ciênc Saúde Coletiva. 2022;27(5): 2045–2055. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232022275.09832021

Sparling TM, Waid JL, Wendt AS, Gabrysch S. Depression among women of reproductive age in rural Bangladesh is linked to food security, diets and nutrition. Public Health Nutr. 2020 Mar;23(4):660–673. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980019003495

Elfane H, El‑Jamal S, Mziwira M, Barakat I, Elayachi M, Belahsen R. Nutritional status of Moroccan pregnant women and the birth weight of their newborn: a case‑control study in the province of El Jadida. AIMS Med Sci. 2021;8(3):237–251. Available in: https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2021020

Gonzalez‑Nahm S, Østbye T, Hoyo C, Kravitz RM, Benjamin‑Neelon SE. Associations Among Food Security, Diet Quality, and Dietary Intake During Pregnancy in a Predominantly African American Group of Women from North Carolina. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2022 Mar;122(3):565–572. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2021.08.110

Ujah OI, LeCounte ES, Ogbu CE, Kirby RS. Food insecurity and delayed or forgone health care among pregnant and postpartum women in the United States, 2019–2021. Nutrition. 2023 Dec;116:112165. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2023.112165

Munn Z, Moola S, Lisy K, Riitano D, Tufanaru C. Methodological guidance for systematic reviews of observational epidemiological studies reporting prevalence and cumulative incidence data. JBI Evid Implement. 2015;13(3):147. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1097/XEB.0000000000000054

Shirreff L, Zhang D, DeSouza L, Hollingsworth J, Shah N, Shah RR. Prevalence of Food Insecurity Among Pregnant Women: A Canadian Study in a Large Urban Setting. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2021 Nov;43(11):1260–1266. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jogc.2021.03.016

Sanjeevi N, Sachdev PK. Household food insecurity and in‑utero and early life smoke exposure: Data from NHANES 2003–2016. Prev Med. 2021 Sep;150:106710. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106710

Tarasuk V, Gundersen C, Wang X, Roth DE, Urquia ML. Maternal Food Insecurity is Positively Associated with Postpartum Mental Disorders in Ontario, Canada. J Nutr. 2020 Nov 19;150(11):3033–3040. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa240

Richards M, Weigel M, Li M, Rosenberg M, Ludema C. Food insecurity, gestational weight gain and gestational diabetes in the National Children's Study, 2009–2014. J Public Health (Oxf). 2021 Sep 22;43(3):558–566. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa093

Saxe‑Custack A, LaChance J, Kerver JM. A Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Prescription Program for Prenatal Patients in Flint, Michigan: Baseline Food Security and Dietary Intake. Nutrients. 2024 Apr 21;16(8):1234. Available in: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16081234

Herman DR, Westfall M, Bashir M, Afulani P. Food Insecurity and Mental Distress Among WIC-Eligible Women in the United States: A Cross‑Sectional Study. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2024 Jan;124(1):65–79. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2023.09.006

Cheu LA, Yee LM, Kominiarek MA. Food insecurity during pregnancy and gestational weight gain. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2020 Feb;2(1):100068. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2019.100068

Laraia BA, Gamba R, Saraiva C, Dove MS, Marchi K, Braveman P. Severe maternal hardships are associated with food insecurity among low‑income/lower‑income women during pregnancy: results from the 2012–2014 California maternal infant health assessment. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022 Feb 19;22(1):138. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04464-x

Hasan SMT, Hossain D, Ahmed F, Khan MA, Begum F, Ahmed T. Association of Household Food Insecurity with Nutritional Status and Mental Health of Pregnant Women in Rural Bangladesh. Nutrients. 2021 Nov 28;13(12):4303. Available in: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124303

Abrahams Z, Lund C. Food insecurity and common mental disorders in perinatal women living in low socio-economic settings in Cape Town, South Africa during the COVID‑19 pandemic: a cohort study. Glob Ment Health (Camb). 2022 Feb 4;9:49–60. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1017/gmh.2022.12

Gebremichael MA, Belachew Lema T. Dietary Diversity, Nutritional Status, and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women in Their First Trimester of Pregnancy in Ambo District, Western Ethiopia. Nutr Metab Insights. 2023 Aug 22;16. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1177/11786388231190515

Tuthill EL, Maltby A, Conteh J, Sheira LA, Miller JD, Onono M, Weiser SD, Young SL. Persistent Food Insecurity, but not HIV, is Associated with Depressive Symptoms Among Perinatal Women in Kenya: A Longitudinal Perspective. AIDS Behav. 2021 Mar;25(3):847–855. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-03047-1

McKay FH, Zinga J, van der Pligt P. Screening Food Insecure during Pregnancy: Pilot Testing an Effective Brief Tool for Use in an Australian Antenatal Care Setting. Nutrients. 2022 Nov 3;14(21):4633. Available in: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14214633

Crandall AK, Temple JL, Kong KL. The association of food insecurity with the relative reinforcing value of food, BMI, and gestational weight gain among pregnant women. Appetite. 2020 Aug 1;151:104685. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2020.104685

Whiteoak B, Dawson SL, Callaway L, de Jersey S, Eley V, Evans J, Kothari A, Navarro S, Gallegos D. Food Insecurity Is Associated with Diet Quality in Pregnancy: A Cross‑Sectional Study. Nutrients. 2024 Apr 28;16(9):1319. Available in: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091319

Murkey JA, Gaston SA, Payne CW, Jackson II WB, Jackson CL. Food security status and cardiometabolic health among pregnant women in the United States. Front Glob Women Health. 2024 Feb 13;4:1286142. Available in: https://doi.org/10.3389/fgwh.2023.1286142

Ramalho A, Holanda C, Martins F, Rodrigues B, Aguiar D, Andrade A, et al. Food insecurity during pregnancy in a maternal–infant cohort in Brazilian western Amazon. Nutrients. 2020;12(6). Available in: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32481554/

Tafara L, Bikila H, Feyisa I, Desalegn M, Kaba Z. The prevalence of undernutrition and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care service in public hospitals of western Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2023 Jan 17;18(1):e0278180. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278180

Cliffer I, Darling AM, Madzorera I, Wang D, Perumal N, Wang M, Liu E, Pembe AB, Urassa W, Fawzi WW. Associations of Diet Quality, Socioeconomic Factors, and Nutritional Status with Gestational Weight Gain among Pregnant Women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Curr Dev Nutr. 2023 Feb 4;7(3):100041. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.100041

Zadeahmad Z, Khorasani EC, Jadgal MS, Mask MK, Tatari M, Kasiri N. Food Security among Pregnant Women and Its Relationship with Body Mass Index in Eastern Iran. J Nutr Food Secur. 2023;8(3):433–442. Available from: https://doi.org/10.18502/jnfs.v8i3.13290

Kassahun E, Mesfin F, Ali TK, Getacher L. Level and Predictors of Minimum Dietary Diversity Among Pregnant Women in Eastern Ethiopia: Evidence From Facility‑Based Cross‑sectional Survey. Inquiry. 2023;60. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580231167997

Venkatesh K, Joseph J, Clark A, Gabbe SG, Landon MB, Thung SF, Yee LM, Lynch CD, Grobman WA, Walker DM. Association of community-level food insecurity and glycemic control among pregnant individuals with pregestational diabetes. Prim Care Diabetes. 2023 Feb;17(1):73–78. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcd.2022.11.002