Evaluación de factores de riesgo asociados a la seguridad alimentaria en embarazadas: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26871/killcanasalud.v9i2.1638Palabras clave:
Seguridad alimentaria, Estado nutricional, Embarazadas, Inseguridad alimentaria, Determinantes socioeconómicosResumen
Introducción: La seguridad alimentaria resulta fundamental para la salud nutricional, especialmente en mujeres embarazadas, ya que afecta tanto a la madre como al desarrollo del feto. Un adecuado estado nutricional durante el embarazo previene el desarrollo de complicaciones como anemia, preeclampsia y bajo peso al nacer. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de 28 estudios publicados entre 2019 y 2024 en inglés, español y portugués. Se incluyeron estudios de cohorte, casos y controles, y estudios transversales. La búsqueda se efectuó en las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus y Scielo. Resultados: Se evidenció que la inseguridad alimentaria durante el embarazo se asocia a problemas de salud materno-fetal, incluyendo partos prematuros y bajo peso al nacer. Además, factores como el nivel educativo, ingresos económicos y la etnia se asociaron al nivel de seguridad alimentaria de las gestantes. Determinantes que influyen de forma directa en el acceso a alimentos nutritivos y reflejan la necesidad de políticas públicas y programas de apoyo para mejorar la seguridad alimentaria en este grupo vulnerable. Conclusiones: El adecuado nivel de seguridad alimentaria en mujeres embarazadas asegura un desarrollo fetal saludable y previene complicaciones durante el embarazo. En efecto, determinantes socioeconómicos y educativos contribuyen a la inseguridad alimentaria.
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