The The human development bond and multidimensional poverty in Nabón

Abstract

The Human Development Bond in Ecuador is part of the conditional cash transfers implemented in Latin America since 2000. It is characterized by transferring money to families in extreme poverty, establishing conditionalities and articulating them to other state services. Starts in 1998 in a context of economic crisis and adjustment of policy, has reforms in the face of current social policy. The research measures the multidimensional poverty of households before and after the Bond, and identifies the privations that contribute to it. The dimensions were constructed in a participatory manner, designating differentiated weights according to the feelings and perceptions of their participants; who also sketched some indicators. With this, 255 surveys are designed and applied by stratified sampling, in a universe of 1012 households; with an error margin ± of 5% and a confidence level of 95%. The applied methodology is based on the Alkire and Foster method; however, it observes the particular objectives of the territory, the program and the validity of social policies. Indicators are identified and refined, grouped and weighted according to deprivation thresholds, appropriate for the local context in 6 dimensions: housing, basic services, education, work / employment, health and organization. The results show improvements in their living conditions. The maximum score of deprivations prior to the bonus is of 35.75 and the minimum of 10.75; whereas now it is 23.5 and 5 respectively. The established quartiles classify households as: Little private, private, very private and extremely private. The greatest amount of deprivation derives from education, basic services and housing. School desertion due to adolescent pregnancy, illiteracy still persists; hence the need to review and direct socials policies.