Surgical site infection in patients appendectomed by open and laparoscopic technique, Cuenca, Ecuador

Abstract

Background: surgical site infection may involve tissues under the skin, organs, or implanted material. Objective: to establish the prevalence and factors associated with infection of the surgical site in appendectomized patients, in the Vicente Corral Moscoso and José Carrasco Arteaga hospitals, during the 2018 period. Method and materials: this is a cross-sectional analytical study. Data were extracted from the clinical history, the operative note and the anesthesia report of 384 patients operated on for acute appendicitis. To determine the associated factors, the OR statistic (95\% CI) was used, in addition, statistical significance was established using the binary logistic regression model with a p value < 0.05. Results: the prevalence of surgical site infection was 12\%. The risk factors with statistical significance were the history of diabetes (OR 3.2; 95\% CI 1.62 - 6.27; p 0.00), and the surgical time greater than 1 hour (OR 2.5; 95 CI \% 1.0 - 5.9; p 0.04). On the other hand, there was an association, but no statistical significance between the age over 29 years (OR 1.5; 95\% CI 0.63 - 3.55; p 0.35), the history of diabetes (OR 1.7; 95 CI \% 0.5 - 5.6; p 0.37), the conventional surgical technique (OR 1.3; 95\% CI 0.6 - 3.01; p 0.37). Obesity (OR 0.8; 95\% CI; p-value 0.73) was not an associated factor. Conclusions: the prevalence of surgical site infection in appendectomized patients was higher than that reported in the literature, and is associated with diabetes and a surgical time greater than 1 hour.