Risk factors for bronchiolitis in children under one year of age, Luis Fernando Martínez Hospital, Cañar between January and July 2018

Abstract

Bronchiolitis is one of the most common childhood pathologies, being the main cause of hospital admission in children under 2 years of age with lower respiratory tract infection (RTII). It is characterized by symptoms of the upper respiratory tract that progresses to later present symptoms of the lower respiratory tract, such as wheezing due to the primary infection or, in turn, re-infection with Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). One of the viral pathogens, which is characterized by being the most frequent. The main objective of the study is to assess the risk factors of bronchiolitis in the Hospital Luis Fernando Martínez period from January to July 2018, identifying the most frequent gender to contract the disease, study the most frequent age of presentation, identify the most appropriate treatment for bronchiolitis, determine the percentage of patients with bronchiolitis treated in the area of ​​Pediatrics. The type of study is cross-sectional descriptive, the Wood Downes scale is applied and the corresponding tabulation of data is carried out, presenting them as a response to the objectives. As a result, we learned that bronchiolitis affects more males than females, the predominant age between 9 and 10 months of age, there is no significance of risk factors such as cigarette smoke or socioeconomic factors for the disease. Breastfeeding reduces the risk of death by bronchiolitis by four times, exclusive breastfeeding being important until the sixth month of life.