Estudio de caso de una paciente con miopatía inflamatoria autoinmune (Polimiositis)

Abstract

Polymyositis is an inflammatory myopathy of autoimmune origin that mainly compromises skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle, constituting a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in this group of patients (Russi et al., 2014). It is a rare disease with an annual incidence of 5-10 cases per million, presenting peaks in childhood (5-15 years) and in adult life (30-50 years). Women are affected more than men in a ratio of 2-3 to 1.

The present clinical case is about a 43-year-old woman who came for evaluation due to pain in all four extremities, edema of the right side of the face and generalized muscle weakness, diagnosed with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) at her local Hospital, due to the need for specialized care is transferred to the "second level public hospital in the province of Cañar" being assessed by the multidisciplinary team, they perform a differential diagnosis of "autoimmune inflammatory myopathy (Polymyositis)" and obstructive cardiogenic shock due to pericardial effusion, received induction therapy to remission of activity with cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, and prednisone. I need surveillance in the Intensive Care Unit for 15 days due to obstructive cardiogenic shock due to pericardial effusion, overcome with pericardiocentesis drainage. The nursing staff performed the assessment of functional patterns of Margory Gordon, to make diagnoses based on the NANDA NIC/NOC taxonomy, applying an individualized care plan prioritizing the patient's needs, avoiding future complications. Obtaining information was bibliographic and field review.

This case study was a transcendental learning opportunity for the Nursing staff that left evidence for future similar cases.